The bluebook also has citation rules for legal memoranda and other practiceoriented materials the blue pages, which students in lrwa2. With that in mind, here is a list of some of the more obscure bluebook rules. Nov 19, 2010 blue book citation for depositions study tips, dealing with stress, maintaining a social life, financial aid, internships, bar exam, careers in law. Alternately, you can find most of the citation information you need at the top of the screen on lexis and westlaw. A citation to multiple footnotes uses the abbreviation nn. Times new roman, size 10, 1 line spacing, justified. Thus far, this guide has described how to cite cases in long form, i. Citation format examples for footnotes general rules times new roman, size 10, 1 line spacing, justified. When a single citation contains multiple parentheticals, place them in this order. Works using the authordate style and citing only a handful of legal and public documents may limit those citations to the text, using citation sentences and clauses that include the same information as footnotes, as suggested in the bluebook. A public law is an individual statute as it is passed by congress.
Generally, a citation to a treatise should contain the following elements. Oct 24, 2018 handy reference for citing federal statutes. Cite a source in an endnote by assigning it a number that corresponds with the information you are citing in the text. If you have many citations for one sentence in other words, many sources for one piece of information, then you may use a footnote to avoid cluttering the text and disrupting the readers attention to. In the bluebook, all abbreviations are listed in the tables, which begin on page 233. Internal crossreferences may point the reader to specific pages, designate parts and sections, paragraphs, or footnotes, as well as figures, charts, and graphs. To cite a footnote, give the page on which the footnote appears, n. This part outlines where vlr conventions depart from the bluebook, adds additional rules, and seeks to clarify some of the more obscure bluebook rules. The bluepages are a guide for practitioners and law clerks to use when citing authority in non academic legal documents. In all footnotes that contain more than one source following a single signal, you must check the citations according to the order of authorities chart in the bluebook rule 1. One of the keys to citing statutes properly is knowing where to find the proper legal citation abbreviations.
The date does not refer to the last time the statute was amended but, rather, to the most recent public law included in the database. There are many variables in citing a treatise so definitely consult the rule for its many permutations. The precise format of a case citation depends on a number of factors, including the jurisdiction, court, and type of case. Blue book citation for depositions study tips, dealing with stress, maintaining a social life, financial aid, internships, bar exam, careers in law. Pages, paragraphs, and pincites bluebook legal citation tarlton. Weird bluebook rules bluebook citations libguides at. Bluebook citation prosecution function guides at university of. See the boxes below on citing the preferred reporter and including the court parenthetical.
Aug 01, 2019 the bluebook is not comprehensive for citing laws everywhere. Citing cases bluebook guide guides at georgetown law library. Here you will find guidance and examples of citation formats that you will use when writing your memoranda, briefs, and other court documents. If you have many citations for one sentence in other words, many. Blue pages this guide covers the bluebooks white pages, which provide citation rules for academic papers. If you are citing more than one statute, you can use the same date for all statutes.
A b c d e f gh i jk l m n o p qr s t u vwxyz show all. Footnotes and other references repeated references. So, the writer has two footnotes in one sentence, though they are after the same punctuation mark. Jul 19, 2019 thus far, this guide has described how to cite cases in long form, i. When citing to things like tables, charts, or other graphical materials, you should give the page number on which the item appears and the designation that the source gives it if any. For example, if citing to footnote 3 on page 807, provide the pin as 807 n. To cite the entire anthology or collection, list by editors followed by a comma and editor or, for multiple editors, editors. To cite multiple sources of the same kind in the same footnote, put the sources in chronological order with the oldest first, separating them with a semicolon. Individual person only use the last name, omitting any job title or descriptive terms. The most useful answers are gathered here as blue tips, classified by subject. Multiple citations whether within a citation sentence or a citation.
Additionally, the chicago manual of style recommends its use for all citation of legal material. In general, if one source is considered more authoritative than the others, place this one first in the string cite. It takes practice to learn the rules of any citation method. The main difference between them is that intext references are usually included in the text itself while footnotes are given at the bottom of the page. These tips are searchable and linked to the bluebook content they address.
There is an exception to the rule against using reference footnotes for citing your sources. The case name that appears at the beginning of published opinions typically contains too much information for most citations. For example, several cases following a see signal must be placed in order according to court, chronology, and sometimes alphabetically. Citing secondary sources sample bluebook citations. If you have many citations for one sentence in other words, many sources for one piece of information, then you may use a footnote to avoid cluttering the text and disrupting the readers attention to your reasoning. Always use a signal unless 1 the cited authority directly states the proposition in the text. The bluebook is not comprehensive for citing laws everywhere. The case name occurs at the beginning of the citation. Instead, in the case of footnotes, indicate the page number on which the.
There are a different kinds of party names, and the type of name will determine format. Oct 27, 2015 how do i cite the same source many times. You can request a bluebook consult meeting with a reference librarian. A reference is given the first time that a source or item is mentioned in the text. In any case, how should the footnotes appear in this case, with a common between them. Jan 27, 2020 there is an exception to the rule against using reference footnotes for citing your sources. Two footnotes in one sentence proofreading editing. Research librarians are available to help you with your bluebook citation questions. Oct, 2017 the case name occurs at the beginning of the citation.
Since they refer to different observations, i understand why they are separated despite the fact that i dont think this looks nice. For help with other source types, like books, pdfs, or websites, check out our other guides. The bluepages keep the tradition of underscoring certain text. The reader can consult your bibliography to find the full reference. Additionally, you may have multiple authorities in a single signal. Some of the most obscure bluebook rules or how to really. Bluebook citation for legal materials purdue writing lab. How do i cite multiple sources within the same footnote using. For additional information or for instructions on proper citing of sources not covered below, please see one of these books, or a more recent edition. The footnote number should appear after the final punctuation of the quotation.
In some procedural documents, citations can be made in a citation sentence or a citation clause. Internet citation bluebook citation 101 practitioner. The white pages in the bluebook address academic citation. This information and several of the examples were drawn from a manual for writers of research papers, theses, and dissertations 8th edition. About citing books for each type of source in this guide, the general form and specific examples will be provided for both the notesbibliography and the authordate style options of turabian. The central function of a legal citation is to allow the reader to efficiently locate the cited source. The two most common forms of references in legal writing are intext references and footnotes. If you are using the popular name of a statute, place this first in the citation.
You do not need to provide the full citation in the footnotes, but rather a shortened form of the citation. Dec 02, 2019 about citing books for each type of source in this guide, the general form and specific examples will be provided for both the notesbibliography and the authordate style options of turabian. Westlaws copy with reference feature typically skips footnote numbers. The bluebook style guide is used in the american legal profession for citation of all relevant sources. Do not cite to the supplement if case annotations, footnotes, or references to secondary sources are the only new information in the supplement.
The bluepages section of the bluebook addresses nonacademic citation. Blue pages this guide covers the bluebook s white pages, which provide citation rules for academic papers. Citation machine helps students and professionals properly credit the information that they use. A pincite may consist of a page range or multiple pages that are not consecutive. The bluebook also has citation rules for legal memoranda and other practiceoriented materials the blue pages, which students in lrwa2 use for their memo assignments. Chicago manual october 27, 2015 although ideally you will cite more than one source in your research paper, there are times when a single source dominates, and you find yourself referring to it or quoting it repeatedly. Do not put a space between the two symbols see examples above. Chicago footnotes provide a note each time a source is referenced and are often combined with a bibliography at the end. Bluebook citation hamline university school of law.
Does anyone know if the bb has a rule that says you cannot use more than 5 ids in a row. Short forms for cases bluebook guide guides at georgetown. A librarian is on duty from 9am to 6pm, mondayfriday, on the 5th floor of the law library. An affidavit citation should include the affiants last name and the paragraph number where the cited information is found in the affidavit. Because you will often cite a case and other legal materials multiple times in a document, the bluebook has established a short form for use in subsequent citations. Oct 24, 2018 additionally, you may have multiple authorities in a single signal. Bluebook citation for llm students bluebook citation for. Federal statutes bluebook citation libguides at florida a.
One of the keys to citing cases properly is knowing where to find the proper legal citation abbreviations. Its customary to use at with appellate record cites, but the 19th edition does not require at with other page number references in record cites. Aug 23, 2019 the two most common forms of references in legal writing are intext references and footnotes. Bluebook citation for llm students harvard library research guides. Properly abbreviate the name of code and place after the titlemake sure to close up all spaces between adjacent single capitals in the name of the code. If citing to a footnote, add the number of the footnote after the page number in the format n. For the most part, when one begins to cite uncommon resources or laws that are far afield of the usual statutes, cases, and regulations in the united states, the rules arent specific as to how to do it properly. When the material you are citing is in both the main volume and the supplement. You can ask the reference librarian on duty in the law library for inperson help. More often than not, it is much easier to read a citation than to cite.
The bluebook requires citation to printed material provided it is available, unless there is an authenticated, official, or exact digital copy of the printed sources. Whether you are learning how to cite a textbook in bluebook format or checking if you have cited any other source correctly, it is important to know the basics. These are some rules for citing only what is necessary. Internal crossreferences are used to cite to text and notes within the same work. If you are citing a particular piece within an anthology or collection more common, see a work in an anthology, reference, or collection below. Sometimes, you need to cite to information contained in a footnote or endnote. Pages, paragraphs, and pincites bluebook legal citation. Jan 23, 2019 an affidavit citation should include the affiants last name and the paragraph number where the cited information is found in the affidavit. This is the abbreviation that should always be included in a citation for an affidavit to indicate that it is an affidavit being referenced. In that case, it is not enough simply to refer the reader to the page number on which the footnote or endnote appears.